Chitosan, the partially N-deacetylated analog of chitin, is a heteropolysaccharide consisting of d-glucosamine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. The effect of the degree of deacetylation on properties such as solubility and antimicrobial activity have been studied in several articles. Both research and review articles are welcome. The geometry of the nanocomposites had a major role in determining their properties.101,102, Electrospun chitin/poly(glycolic acid) blend nanofibers in hexafluoro-2-propanol were investigated to fabricate biodegradable nanostructured scaffolds: the nanofibrous mats, particularly the one that contained 25% PGA and 75% chitin with bovine serum albumin coating, offered excellent cell attachment and spreading for normal human fibroblasts.103 The PGA/chitin blend fibers had average diameters of around 140 nm.
But the preparation of chitin seems to depend on the source of chitin, because Lovell, Lafleur, and Hoskins reported on the preparation of chitin from crayfish waste by applying hydrogen peroxide147 and Kishi prepared chitin from silkworm in a similar way.148 The molecular weight of chitin was estimated by viscosity measurement of chitosan in acetic acid aqueous solution following the deacetylation of chitin under concentrated sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at boiling temperature due to the insolubility of chitin.149 The conventional viscosity equation to estimate the molecular weight of chitin was proposed by applying N-reacetylated chitosan (chitins) with various molecular weights, since a mild solvent system, calcium chloride dehydrate saturated methanol, was found to dissolve chitin even at room temperature by applying mechanical stirring:150, As the solubility of chitin in the solvent was limited, chitin molecules precipitate even in the presence of small amounts of other solvents, including water, alcohol, and so on. For example, contact lenses, artificial skin, and even dissolvable surgical stitches are derived from some form of chitin. Chitin, a ubiquitous biopolymer found in the exoskeleton of insects and marine invertebrates, shows the extraordinary capability to promote the ordered healing of tissues and is well suitable to use in wound dressings. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). By the suggestion of X-ray diffraction analysis, chitins are a polymorphic substance which occurs in three different crystallines, as a-, b- and y- chitin. This process of shedding the current skeleton is done periodically, which is necessary for their proper growth. Chitin is one of the most abundant organic materials produced on Earth and functions as an important component of the exoskeletons of animals, particularly crustaceans and mollusks, and is the principal fibrillar polymer in the cell walls of some fungi (Roberts, 1992). Chitin can even tether to lipid cholesterol, lowering blood cholesterol levels. Additionally, chitin has low immunogenicity and does not induce toxic reactions. Composites of β-chitin with octacalcium phosphate (OCP) or hydroxylapatite prepared by precipitation of the mineral into chitin scaffolds have been investigated and oriented precipitation of OCP crystals was formed inside the chitin layers.
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