Finally, and perhaps most importantly, average fatality rates (combined with the average amount of time between bite and death) is also considered, with the assumption that no medical treatment was sought by the victim. (See attached copy from "First Aid for Snakebite" by Dr.
Fortunately, fatality rates have dropped significantly in recent years due to the prevalence of antivenoms.
with large amounts of antivenom. In order to rank the world’s deadliest cobras, a number of basic criteria was necessary for the extents and purposes of this work. Med., 19(1):12, 1973. The Top 10 Deadliest Cobras in the World. Hematological symptoms may present as a Disseminated Intravascular
urine tests periodically over the hospital course to monitor the effects of
The forest cobra’s venom is made up of powerful postsynaptic neurotoxins that attack both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of their victims. BLAYLOCK, R.S., LICHTMAN, A.R., POTGIETER, P.D. Standard treatment involves hospital admittance, cleaning of the wound site, along with intubation and ventilation. OBSERVE PATIENT CLOSELY for signs and symptoms of envenomation which
Please read the attached Medical Management Protocol and
following first aid measures without delay. single syringe. STROVER, H.M.: Observations on Two Cases of Snake-bite by Naja
Found predominantly on the Indian Subcontinent, which includes India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal, the Indian cobra is known to inhabit various forests and woodlands, plains, wetlands, as well as agricultural fields. noted if present (See Special Considerations below). early, but may be delayed in onset. Med., 68:342,
The King Cobra sounded horrifying haha. The Philippine cobra can be easily identified by its large hood, stocky body, as well as brownish-tan coloration. necessary to control the progression of symptoms. Administer the undiluted Antivenom by direct intravenous injection in
Make sure that the responsible snake or snakes have been
patient is in stable status. Admit patient to an emergency or trauma service and call the
Please read and execute the following procedures without delay. the hospital for at least 24 hours after symptoms are stabilized. is the possibility that the patient received a dry bite (no venom
I agree. consultant identified by the Poison Control Center. Conservation Status: Unknown (Insufficient Data) The cape cobra (also known as the “geelslang” or “bruinkapel”) is a species of deadly snake from the Elapidae family. The Cape Cobra is easily agitated, and is
The Caspian cobra possesses an extremely potent venom that is comprised of neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and nucleases. Neurological Symptoms (especially respiratory obstruction or failure)
an established I.V. Morphine is CONTRAINDICATED because of its tendency to suppress
The Indian cobra possesses a highly-toxic venom made up of postsynaptic neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. An Eastern Cape businessman is in ICU at a Port Elizabeth hospital after being bitten by a Cape cobra at his office. Fatalities would be far higher, however, if not for the fact that many king cobra bites are “dry,” thus, resulting in no envenomation. course. Fang Marks: Fang marks may be present as one or more well defined
Cobra envenomation are present. As the venom spreads, dizziness, abdominal cramps, fever, and pallor (general whitening of the skin and face) also occur, and are followed by complete respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. initial dose): It is advisable to perform periodic serum and urine analyses during
Many of the symptoms are ameliorated or entirely eliminated by
These areas provide the cobra with a wide array of prey, including small rodents, frogs, lizards, birds, and eggs. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
A deadly Caspian cobra in a defensive position. equine protein products, the following may be performed: Administer 1 gram of Solumedrol I.V. Avoid bending or moving. Within Southern Africa, the snake prefers several habitats that include the Kalahari Desert, scrublands, and arid savannas. The monocled cobra possesses a powerful venom comprised of postsynaptic neurotoxins known to block nerve transmission. invariably aggressive toward its enemy.
This antivenom contains the appropriate fractions necessary to
This is aided by an enzyme in the venom known as hyaluronidase, which increases the overall speed (and spread) of the venom into the victim’s bloodstream. attributed to its bite. patient has arrived at the hospital and is receiving the antivenom.
Large amounts of antivenom (e.g., 15-20 vials total) may be
Local symptoms may take several days to weeks to
Afr. Without treatment, bites from a Philippine cobra are considered 100-percent fatal due to the snake’s high-venom yield (Brown, 184). above. The king cobra’s venom is comprised of deadly cytotoxins and neurotoxins that actively attack an individual’s central nervous system, lungs, and heart. (Naja nivea). 1976.
Geater said he was stabilised at a hospital in Graaff-Reinet before being moved to Livingstone Hospital in Port Elizabeth. management.
This, in turn, often results in death. antivenom therapy. For these reasons, the Philippine cobra is easily the deadliest and most dangerous cobra species in the world. Monitor for these carefully from the
4-8 vials total for a minor bite with envenomation.
Endemic to the northern sectors of the Philippines, the Philippine cobra is regularly classified by the scholarly community as the deadliest cobra species on the planet. 10-20 vials or more may be necessary for moderate or severe bites. It is by far our most dangerous cobra and with the Black Mamba it accounts for the majority of fatal snake bites in South Africa. Within these areas, the snake feeds on a variety of reptiles and mammals, including other snakes, lizards, birds, and various rodents. “His condition is stable but still critical.”. Following discharge, however, long-term complications are common from king cobra bites and include severe muscle pain or weakness, as well as heart and lung issues. It is important that the patient be placed at rest, kept warm, and
Envenomation constitutes a true medical
early. The Chinese cobra is often confused with the monocled cobra due to their strong similarities in regard to coloration and skin patterns. The king cobra is a deadly species from the Elapidae family of snakes. As a result, this species is incredibly dangerous to humans, and should be avoided by onlookers whenever possible. Upon reaching the heart and lungs, the king cobra’s venom begins to systematically shut down these vital organs, leading to cardiac arrest or respiratory collapse. This should be done VERY SLOWLY
the INITIAL dose of antivenom should be 8 vials (80 mls) given by direct
Within this region, the snake tends to prefer arid and semiarid climates, along with rocky or shrub-covered foothills. Additional tests as needed or indicated by patient's hospital
Renal symptoms have not yet been reported in Cape Cobra envenomation,
The monocled cobra is a species of highly venomous snake from the Elapidae family. When combined, these two toxins launch a coordinated attack on an individual’s heart, lungs, nervous system, and muscular-skeletal system (owlcation.com). Combined, these two toxins unleash a devastating attack against their victim’s heart, lungs, and central nervous system. Read more at the SA government's online coronavirus portal or use the 24-hour public hotline: 0800 029 999. unmoving as possible. If the patient shows severe signs of envenomation, particularly if early
Necessary information follows and is
This is due to the snake’s natural aggressiveness and powerful venom (owlcation.com). Other symptoms will require additional modalities of
Bandage and Immobilize the bitten limb with crepe bandages and splint
Be prepared to treat for
The cape cobra is considered one of Africa's most venomous snakes. If the patient has been envenomated, the treatment is 4 to 15 vials
If possible, allow the bitten limb to
Cardiotoxicity: Direct toxic effects on the myocardium or conducting
fixed presumably to a presynaptic target, is unavailable to bind with the
research (S.A.I.M.R.) administer 0.6 mg of Atropine IV. of the patient for an additional 12 to 24 hours. respond appropriately. Standard treatment for Indian cobra bites include multiple rounds of Polyvalent Antivenom. level of the patient's heart (if practical).
However, they can be easily distinguished from this species following a close examination of their scalation. Found throughout Central Asia, the Caspian cobra is a medium-sized species reaching upwards of 4.9 feet at maturity. punctures, as a series of small lacerations or scratches, or there may not be
Lactate Dehydrogenase (with Isoenzyme analysis). envenomation, and are usually the most immediate cause of dangerous problems. respirations. Release the bandage again slowly over 10 minutes. material includes case histories, guidelines and recent findings in elapid
Transport to a medical center emergency or trauma service. A Cape cobra bit Johan Germeshuizen.
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